Although transformational adaptation remains largely as a theoretical and evolving concept, it entails systemic change to address climate risks. This approach goes beyond conventional coping strategies to encompass actions that fundamentally reshape social-ecological systems, such as reforestation and agroforestry. Despite parties failing to reach consensus on this matter in Baku, it emerged as a matter of contention at the COP29’s sixth session (CMA6) in November 2024 which drawn the interests of developed nations. While Africa has various adaptation initiatives underway, escalating climate risks necessitates transformational adaptation approaches to complement existing initiatives. Some of the challenges in Africa include limited financial resources, inadequate infrastructure, and high climate vulnerability. Successfully implementing transformational adaptation in Africa requires substantial investments in capacity building, technology transfer which integrate indigenous knowledge, financial support and policies that strengthen governance.
This topic will be crucial at the upcoming SB62 meeting, where parties aim to develop concrete strategies for building COP29 discussions, presenting an opportunity for Africa to advocate for necessary support.
Is Africa ready to fully embrace transformational adaptation?
Adaptation is a key priority for Africa and developing nations that are worst hit by climate risks. However, Africa’s readiness to transformational adaptation presents the continent with challenges and opportunities that include:
Limited institutional capacity such as constraints in governance, planning and implementation of climate change adaptation strategies, financial constraints associated with large-scale transformational adaptation strategies such as large-scale relocation, social inequities and technological gaps.
Opportunities include
There’s a growing recognition of the importance of scaling community-driven initiatives and Indigenous Knowledge to foster localized transformational adaptation, regional cooperation between continental frameworks and international frameworks such as the Green Climate Fund (GCF), the African Union’s Climate Action initiatives and the African Climate Action initiatives will strengthen the continent’s preparedness to adaptation. Africa’s adaptation potential can be improved significantly by using untapped renewable energy sources e.g., (solar, wind and geothermal) to support climate-resilient development and transformative shifts in energy systems.
Conclusion: next steps for transformational adaptation
The adaptive capacity can be enhanced by strengthening institutional capacities, improving climate finance mechanisms, investing in technological innovations such as early warning systems, and integrating both scientific and Indigenous knowledge. These efforts should be supported by the creation of enabling environments characterized by strong governance structures that incorporate local and Indigenous knowledge, alignment with strategic government and stakeholder priorities, sustainable financial mechanisms for long-term adaptation, and inclusive participation that addresses social inequalities and power imbalances.
